I often hear from Ron Paul followers that our money has no value.  This is obviously untrue, but if they really believe that they are welcome to give me theirs.  So how does paper money get its value?  One theory is that of tax-driven money.  Fellow crackpot and Uconn grad Warren Mosler often uses the example of colonial Africa, which I’ve paraphrased here:

Imagine some African villages where the locals grew food.  British colonists showed up in Africa and declared a tax, payable in British pounds.  But when they first arrived, none of the African natives had any pounds, so how were they to pay the tax???  You could suddenly consider the natives unemployed, in the sense that they needed to get those pounds somehow, or the Brits would burn down their huts.

The British government is the one and only source of pounds.  They would have to employ the natives, by buying some of the native’s food in exchange for pounds.  Once this happened, the natives had the money to pay the tax, and British pounds were quickly adopted as their preferred currency.

Notice that it is taxes which create the state of unemployment.  Taxes reduce the ability of the natives to buy all of the food they produced from each other, because the government must buy some of it in order to provide at least the funds the natives need to pay their taxes.

Thats the simple model of tax-driven money.  The funds to pay taxes come from government spending, and taxes are what ultimately create the demand for paper money, such that it can be evaluated like any other commodity:  production is when the government spends, and consumption is when a tax is payed.  The value of the money is as good as the government’s willingness to spend and ability to credibly enforce tax collection.

Notice also that if the government spends more than they tax, the Natives can hold on to some of the Pounds in their savings.  This is called deficit spending.  By the laws of double-entry accounting, the government’s budget deficit in a given period is equal to the amount of money the private sector can save.